When draught-proofing our homes we need to be strategic. Air-flow in a building is complicated, with multiple ways in for cold air and routes out for warm air. It is the passage of warm air out of a building that creates the pull of cold air into the building that we notice. However the locations where cold air comes in is not always the same as where warm air escapes, so we need to focus on which parts of the building to draught-proof. We also need to be safe, and make sure vents which have been installed to provide adequate ventilation for oxygen burning appliances are not blocked.
Where do cold draughts come from?
The Draught Proofing Advisory Association have a whole range of tips for how to draught-proof your home and make it more comfortable. The main sources of cold draughts are:
• Through letterbox openings
• Around windows
• Around or under doors
• Through keyholes
• Through holes drilled for pipe work
• Through electrical fittings in walls and ceilings
• Through plug socket gaps
• Through uninsulated walls
• Through gaps between floorboards
• Through chimneys
• Around loft hatches
• At ceiling to wall joints
• Through gaps behind beams
What should be the focus of Draught Proofing efforts?
When draught-proofing and insulating we tend to focus on all the sources of cold draughts entering the home. This can sometimes result in homeowners blocking vents that are vital for adequate ventilation of installations that need a supply of fresh air, such as gas fires, solid fuel fires, and heating and cooking appliances. Having a supply of fresh air is essential for a healthy living environment for the occupants and building alike. Trickle vents on windows should be left open to maintain a constant supply of fresh air.
Instead of focussing on where cold air gets in, we should concentrate our attention on where the warm air gets out. You may think this are the same sources but airflow in a building is complicated, and often there are specific points at which warm air escapes, causing a current of air that pulls cold air in from other places. We tend to feel the cold air coming in more than the warm air escaping, which is why we block the ways in for cold air.
How does warm air escape?
The single biggest source of air loss in the home is an open chimney. It’s like leaving a window open all the time, except that the passage of warm air out is exacerbated by a phenomenon known as the stack effect. Chimneys are designed to draw air out of a building and continue to do this whether the fire is lit or not. If it is cold outside, and warm inside, and it’s a tall chimney, then this effect is increased dramatically. The Buildings Research Establishment (BRE) state that an average of 80 cubic metres of air travel up a chimney per hour. This volume of air needs to be replaced, so cold air is pulled in from other leaky parts of the building, such as round doors and windows, or through vents that need to be left open. Block the chimney, and these cold draughts are significantly and immediately reduced. The Chimney Balloon is an effective chimney blocker. It’s an inflatable device for blocking the chimney. The original Chimney Balloon, made in the UK, is made of tri-laminate plastic that simply shrivels and falls into the grate if a fire is accidentally lit with it in place. Don’t be tempted to buy a cheaper PVC one. These are less flexible in terms of the range of flues they can fit into, are more resistant to heat so will stay in place longer if a fire is lit, and will eventually pop releasing chlorine gas and PCB’s.
What is the stack effect?
Even without an open chimney, buildings can cause a stack effect, by warm air being drawn to the top of the building and cold air pulled in from at the ground floor. If you haven’t got a chimney then the next thing to check is the loft hatch. Most lofts are well insulated these days but if you just have a thin board covering the loft hatch then warmth will escape through this, and around the edges. Seal the edge of the board with draught excluder and the back of the board with a thick layer of insulation. If you have a standard loft hatch then it’s possible to purchase a ready-insulated loft hatch cover.
Another source of heat loss into the loft is around down lights. It is difficult lay insulation over these as it can cause a fire hazard. Protect the back of the downlights with loft lids, and then a thick layer of insulation can safely be placed over these.
Draught Proofing dos and don’ts
DO
- Use a Chimney Balloon in your chimney
- Fit loft lids over down-lighters and insulate over these
- Draught proof the edges of your loft hatch
- Insulate the back of your loft hatch
- Block gaps around old beams
- Block gaps drilled for pipe work
- Fit a draught excluder to your letterbox
- Fit draught seals around doors and windows
- Fit heavy curtains over draughty windows
- Fit net curtains to block draughts during the day
DON’T
- Block vents that are needed for ventilation – use a DR21 air vent cover to reduce cold air draughts instead
- Put insulation over down-lighters unless they have a protective dome over them
- Block a gas fire flue without turning the gas off first
- Use short term expensive heating at the cost of long-term insulation measures
- Block external vents or air bricks